{"id":51073,"date":"2026-04-15T10:07:46","date_gmt":"2026-04-15T10:07:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/journalintegration.com\/?p=51073"},"modified":"2026-04-15T10:07:49","modified_gmt":"2026-04-15T10:07:49","slug":"reformes-institutionnelles-quatre-lois-un-seul-debat-ce-que-la-reforme-du-vice-president-a-fait-oublier","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/journalintegration.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/15\/reformes-institutionnelles-quatre-lois-un-seul-debat-ce-que-la-reforme-du-vice-president-a-fait-oublier\/","title":{"rendered":"R\u00e9formes institutionnelles : quatre lois, un seul d\u00e9bat, ce que la r\u00e9forme du vice-pr\u00e9sident a fait oublier"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

La r\u00e9vision constitutionnelle r\u00e9instaurant le poste de vice-pr\u00e9sident a monopolis\u00e9 l\u2019attention m\u00e9diatique et politique. Pourtant dans son sillage imm\u00e9diat, trois autres textes, moins comment\u00e9s, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 adopt\u00e9s par le parlement.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
S\u00e9ances de travail ayant abouti \u00e0 la modification des dispositions constitutionnelles<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab On a pass\u00e9 deux semaines \u00e0 parler du vice-pr\u00e9sident. Personne n’a expliqu\u00e9 aux Camerounais que le Code \u00e9lectoral avait aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 modifi\u00e9 \u00bb. Le constat est de C\u00e9lestin Djomo, juriste et observateur des institutions, et il r\u00e9sume \u00e0 lui seul le paradoxe de la session extraordinaire du Congr\u00e8s de fin mars \u00e0 Yaound\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En quelques heures, le Parlement r\u00e9uni en congr\u00e8s a adopt\u00e9 quatre textes. Un seul a v\u00e9ritablement exist\u00e9 dans l’espace public : la r\u00e9vision constitutionnelle r\u00e9instaurant le poste de vice-pr\u00e9sident. Les trois autres ont gliss\u00e9 dans l’ombre, presque sans bruit. \u00ab C’est une m\u00e9canique bien huil\u00e9e, observe Rodrigue Feudjio, analyste politique bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Yaound\u00e9. En mettant en avant une r\u00e9forme forte, visible, symbolique, on capte toute l’attention. Ce qui se passe dans les marges passe inaper\u00e7u. Mais ce sont parfois ces marges qui restructurent le jeu en profondeur \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re r\u00e9forme discr\u00e8te touche directement le calendrier d\u00e9mocratique. La modification du Code \u00e9lectoral l\u00e8ve le plafond de 18 mois qui limitait jusqu’ici la prorogation du mandat des conseillers municipaux. En clair : les \u00e9lections locales peuvent d\u00e9sormais \u00eatre report\u00e9es sans contrainte de dur\u00e9e fixe, au nom des \u00ab contraintes s\u00e9curitaires \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour Nestor Tamba, membre d’un r\u00e9seau d’observation \u00e9lectorale dans le Nord-Ouest, c’est une r\u00e9gression : \u00ab Dans les r\u00e9gions en crise, les populations ont plus que jamais besoin d’\u00e9lus redevables, proches d’elles. Reporter ind\u00e9finiment les \u00e9lections locales, c’est couper le lien entre gouvern\u00e9s et gouvernants. On nous dit que c’est pour notre s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Mais qui nous prot\u00e8ge du vide d\u00e9mocratique ? \u00bb
Le deuxi\u00e8me texte, plus technique, r\u00e9organise le Conseil constitutionnel pour encadrer les cas de vacance du pouvoir ex\u00e9cutif li\u00e9s \u00e0 l’introduction du vice-pr\u00e9sident. Une coh\u00e9rence juridique n\u00e9cessaire, conc\u00e8de Ma\u00eetre Evariste Kenfack, \u00ab mais qui ne r\u00e9sout pas la question centrale : le Conseil constitutionnel camerounais est-il r\u00e9ellement en mesure d’arbitrer des conflits au sommet de l’\u00c9tat ? Son ind\u00e9pendance reste un sujet ouvert \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans les rues de Yaound\u00e9, ces textes demeurent abstraits. Aminatou, \u00e9tudiante en droit \u00e0 l’Universit\u00e9 de Yaound\u00e9 II, l’admet sans d\u00e9tour : \u00ab Je savais pour le vice-pr\u00e9sident, j’en ai entendu parler partout. Pour le reste, je n’en savais rien. Il a fallu que je cherche moi-m\u00eame \u00bb. Elle marque une pause. \u00ab Ce n’est pas normal que des r\u00e9formes pareilles passent sans d\u00e9bat public \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C’est pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment cette absence de d\u00e9bat qui pr\u00e9occupe les acteurs de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile. \u00ab La d\u00e9mocratie ne se r\u00e9sume pas aux textes adopt\u00e9s, mais aux conditions dans lesquelles ils le sont \u00bb, rappelle Marl\u00e8ne Bilong, militante des droits civiques. \u00ab Quand des r\u00e9formes structurelles sont adopt\u00e9es en session extraordinaire, en quelques heures, sans consultation publique pr\u00e9alable, la question de la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 se pose, m\u00eame si la l\u00e9galit\u00e9 est respect\u00e9e \u00bb.
Le gouvernement d\u00e9fend, lui, une logique de coh\u00e9rence et d’adaptation aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du terrain. Et sur le strict plan juridique, les proc\u00e9dures ont \u00e9t\u00e9 respect\u00e9es. Mais la confiance, elle, ne se d\u00e9cr\u00e8te pas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C’est peut-\u00eatre le paradoxe le plus saisissant de cette s\u00e9quence : pendant que le d\u00e9bat public se focalisait sur le sommet de l’\u00c9tat, c’est en profondeur, dans le Code \u00e9lectoral, dans les m\u00e9canismes de r\u00e9gulation constitutionnelle, que le syst\u00e8me politique s’est, silencieusement, reconfigur\u00e9. Et quand les effets se feront sentir, dans les communes, dans les urnes, dans les institutions, peu de citoyens pourront dire qu’ils avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9venus.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La r\u00e9vision constitutionnelle r\u00e9instaurant le poste de vice-pr\u00e9sident a monopolis\u00e9 l\u2019attention m\u00e9diatique et politique. Pourtant dans son sillage imm\u00e9diat, trois autres textes, moins comment\u00e9s, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 adopt\u00e9s par le parlement. \u00ab On a pass\u00e9 deux semaines \u00e0 parler du vice-pr\u00e9sident. Personne n’a expliqu\u00e9 aux Camerounais que le Code \u00e9lectoral avait aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 modifi\u00e9 \u00bb. Le […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":51074,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[56,35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-51073","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-contre-enquete","category-panorama"],"yoast_head":"\nR\u00e9formes institutionnelles : quatre lois, un seul d\u00e9bat, ce que la r\u00e9forme du vice-pr\u00e9sident a fait oublier - Int\u00e9gration<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"R\u00e9formes institutionnelles : quatre lois, un seul d\u00e9bat, ce que la r\u00e9forme du vice-pr\u00e9sident a fait oublier\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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