{"id":50179,"date":"2026-03-05T09:50:45","date_gmt":"2026-03-05T09:50:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/journalintegration.com\/?p=50179"},"modified":"2026-03-05T09:50:47","modified_gmt":"2026-03-05T09:50:47","slug":"quand-les-puissances-jouent-a-la-marelle-securitaire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/journalintegration.com\/index.php\/2026\/03\/05\/quand-les-puissances-jouent-a-la-marelle-securitaire\/","title":{"rendered":"Quand les puissances jouent \u00e0 la marelle s\u00e9curitaire"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Le retrait occidental cr\u00e9e un vide que seule la coop\u00e9ration continentale pourrait combler. Mais face \u00e0 la mont\u00e9e des mercenaires et aux int\u00e9r\u00eats bilat\u00e9raux, l\u2019Afrique avance sur un fil, entre urgence et improvisation. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Dans le Sahel, la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ressemble parfois \u00e0 un jeu de marelle g\u00e9opolitique o\u00f9 chacun pose son pion sans vraiment demander au voisin s\u2019il est d\u2019accord. La Russie, par l\u2019entremise d\u2019Africa Corps (anciennement Wagner), s\u2019implante \u00e0 coups de contrats militaires et de mercenaires sur des terrains instables (Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger ou encore R\u00e9publique centrafricaine). Pour les juntes sah\u00e9liennes, ce choix ressemble \u00e0 une revanche sur l\u2019ancienne puissance coloniale fran\u00e7aise : \u00ab\u202fEnfin libres de choisir nos partenaires\u202f\u00bb, clament-elles. Mais selon Pr Daniel Okparaji, directeur du Centre africain de recherche sur les syst\u00e8mes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, \u00ab\u202fce type de partenariat bilat\u00e9ral fragmente la logique continentale et contourne les m\u00e9canismes de redevabilit\u00e9 et de protection des civils que l\u2019APSA tente d\u2019imposer depuis des ann\u00e9es\u202f\u00bb. En clair, l\u2019autonomie retrouv\u00e9e a parfois un go\u00fbt amer pour les civils coinc\u00e9s entre mercenaires et insurrections.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant ce temps, l\u2019Occident se retire. La France plie bagage avec Barkhane et Takuba, les troupes am\u00e9ricaines d\u00e9sertent le Niger, et l\u2019aide ext\u00e9rieure s\u2019amenuise depuis d\u00e9but 2025. Ce d\u00e9sengagement laisse un vide que ni l\u2019UA ni les CER ne peuvent combler rapidement. \u00ab\u202fLes puissances traditionnelles sont d\u00e9sormais trop occup\u00e9es par leurs populismes et leurs propres crises internes\u202f\u00bb, note Fatou Bamba, analyste en relations internationales bas\u00e9e \u00e0 Bangui. R\u00e9sultat : un continent laiss\u00e9 \u00e0 lui-m\u00eame dans un contexte o\u00f9 les d\u00e9fis s\u00e9curitaires se multiplient, et o\u00f9 chaque \u00c9tat essaie de jouer \u00e0 la fois au pompier, au policier et parfois au facteur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour les experts, cette situation est doublement pr\u00e9occupante. D\u2019une part, le recours \u00e0 des acteurs priv\u00e9s \u00e9trangers d\u00e9tourne les normes internationales et continentales sur la protection des civils. D\u2019autre part, il encourage un mod\u00e8le bilat\u00e9ral au d\u00e9triment de la coop\u00e9ration africaine collective. \u00ab\u202fSi les dirigeants africains ne prennent pas le relais de la pr\u00e9vention des conflits, il est probable que personne ne le fasse\u202f\u00bb, avertissait l\u2019International Crisis Group avant le sommet de l\u2019UA de f\u00e9vrier 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais tout n\u2019est pas d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9. Les observateurs soulignent que ce chaos apparent peut aussi devenir un catalyseur pour renforcer les capacit\u00e9s africaines et r\u00e9former l\u2019architecture de s\u00e9curit\u00e9. \u00ab\u202fL\u2019urgence, c\u2019est de d\u00e9passer les clivages internes et de b\u00e2tir une logique unifi\u00e9e qui fasse sens pour tous\u202f\u00bb, insiste Pr Daniel Okparaji. Entre humour noir et gravit\u00e9, la situation rappelle que l\u2019Afrique est \u00e0 la crois\u00e9e des chemins : soit elle se fait dicter sa s\u00e9curit\u00e9 par des puissances ext\u00e9rieures, soit elle invente un mod\u00e8le propre, capable de conjuguer autonomie, redevabilit\u00e9 et protection des populations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En attendant, chaque sommet, chaque d\u00e9claration, chaque mercenaire suppl\u00e9mentaire sur le terrain, c\u2019est un peu comme un pion de plus sur la marelle : certains avancent, d\u2019autres reculent, et la ligne d\u2019arriv\u00e9e pour une s\u00e9curit\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement africaine semble toujours un pas plus loin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bobo. Ousmanou<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le retrait occidental cr\u00e9e un vide que seule la coop\u00e9ration continentale pourrait combler. Mais face \u00e0 la mont\u00e9e des mercenaires et aux int\u00e9r\u00eats bilat\u00e9raux, l\u2019Afrique avance sur un fil, entre urgence et improvisation. Dans le Sahel, la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ressemble parfois \u00e0 un jeu de marelle g\u00e9opolitique o\u00f9 chacun pose son pion sans vraiment demander au […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":50180,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[25,51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-50179","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-integration-regionale","category-zoom"],"yoast_head":"\nQuand les puissances jouent \u00e0 la marelle s\u00e9curitaire - Int\u00e9gration<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Quand les puissances jouent \u00e0 la marelle s\u00e9curitaire\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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