{"id":49978,"date":"2026-02-25T09:27:53","date_gmt":"2026-02-25T09:27:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/journalintegration.com\/?p=49978"},"modified":"2026-02-25T09:34:24","modified_gmt":"2026-02-25T09:34:24","slug":"cemac-chaque-etat-face-a-la-preservation-de-sa-faune","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/journalintegration.com\/index.php\/2026\/02\/25\/cemac-chaque-etat-face-a-la-preservation-de-sa-faune\/","title":{"rendered":"CEMAC : chaque \u00c9tat face \u00e0 la pr\u00e9servation de sa faune"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

L\u2019Afrique centrale, et plus particuli\u00e8rement les pays de la Communaut\u00e9 \u00c9conomique et Mon\u00e9taire de l\u2019Afrique Centrale (CEMAC), rec\u00e8le un potentiel faunique exceptionnel. Entre for\u00eats tropicales et savanes, ces six pays ont mis en place des strat\u00e9gies vari\u00e9es pour prot\u00e9ger leurs esp\u00e8ces embl\u00e9matiques.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

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La girafe de Nubie : dans le viseur des \u00ab\u00a0chasseurs \u00e9loign\u00e9<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Le Gabon se distingue par l\u2019ampleur de son programme de conservation. Avec 25 % de son territoire en aires prot\u00e9g\u00e9es, notamment le parc national de Mink\u00e9b\u00e9 qui couvre 7 500 km\u00b2, l\u2019\u00c9tat combine surveillance \u00e9tatique et partenariats internationaux. L\u2019expert en faune africaine, Dr Jean-Baptiste Makokou souligne : \u00ab Les suivis scientifiques et l\u2019implication de la population locale font du Gabon un mod\u00e8le africain de gestion durable.\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Cameroun prot\u00e8ge pr\u00e8s de 17 % de sa surface via des r\u00e9serves et parcs comme Lob\u00e9k\u00e9 et Bouba Ndjida. Le pays d\u00e9veloppe la co-gestion avec les communaut\u00e9s riveraines et l\u2019\u00e9cotourisme, permettant aux populations locales de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier directement des revenus li\u00e9s \u00e0 la conservation. \u00ab La durabilit\u00e9 passe par l\u2019inclusion des habitants \u00bb, rappelle le Dr Ernest Etoundi, \u00e9cologue camerounais.
La R\u00e9publique Centrafricaine concentre ses efforts sur le parc national de Dzanga-Sangha, o\u00f9 l\u2019\u00c9tat supervise les activit\u00e9s avec l\u2019appui d\u2019ONG internationales. La RCA mise aussi sur la formation de rangers et l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des infrastructures pour lutter contre le braconnage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Tchad, avec le parc national de Zakouma et le parc de la Siniaka-Minia, s\u2019efforce de restaurer les populations de grands herbivores d\u00e9cim\u00e9es par le braconnage. Des programmes de surveillance renforc\u00e9e et de patrouilles mobiles ont permis de stabiliser certaines populations d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9phants et de girafes de Nubie. Le Dr Moussa Mahamat insiste : \u00ab La s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans les parcs est devenue aussi strat\u00e9gique que les mesures \u00e9cologiques elles-m\u00eames. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Congo-Brazzaville concentre sa conservation dans le parc national de Nouabal\u00e9-Ndoki et les zones foresti\u00e8res environnantes. L\u2019\u00c9tat a mis en place un suivi scientifique permanent et des campagnes de sensibilisation pour limiter le braconnage et pr\u00e9server les corridors \u00e9cologiques. \u00ab La sensibilisation des populations et le suivi r\u00e9gulier sont les cl\u00e9s de la conservation ici \u00bb, affirme le Philippe Ngoma, conservateur faunique congolais.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Guin\u00e9e \u00c9quatoriale, avec le parc national de Monte Al\u00e9n, privil\u00e9gie le d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019\u00e9cotourisme comme levier de protection. Les revenus g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s financent la surveillance et des programmes \u00e9ducatifs pour les communaut\u00e9s locales. \u00ab La protection de la faune et le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique peuvent aller de pair \u00bb, souligne Carmenlo Ondo, sp\u00e9cialiste local de la conservation, approch\u00e9 par la presse \u00e9quato-guin\u00e9enne en fin 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Si les actions varient selon les capacit\u00e9s et les priorit\u00e9s de chaque \u00c9tat, un constat demeure : la survie de la faune de la Cemac d\u00e9pend de la mise en \u0153uvre concr\u00e8te et continue de ces programmes. Entre co-gestion, surveillance, \u00e9cotourisme et sensibilisation, les pays de la sous- r\u00e9gion disposent d\u2019outils puissants pour prot\u00e9ger leur biodiversit\u00e9 unique, mais le d\u00e9fi reste immense face au braconnage et \u00e0 la d\u00e9forestation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bobo Ousmanou<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faune trahie par la protection sur papier<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la Conf\u00e9rence de Rio en 1992, l\u2019Afrique centrale affiche une ambition \u00e9cologique louable : pr\u00e9server sa biodiversit\u00e9 faunique. Les chiffres sont impressionnants : certains pays ont consacr\u00e9 jusqu\u2019\u00e0 25 % de leur territoire aux aires prot\u00e9g\u00e9es, d\u00e9passant largement l\u2019objectif mondial de 17 %. La moiti\u00e9 de ces zones a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e au XX\u1d49 si\u00e8cle, et 20 % durant la D\u00e9cennie des Nations Unies pour la diversit\u00e9 biologique de 2011 \u00e0 2020. Mieux encore, 85 % de ces aires sont g\u00e9r\u00e9es directement par les gouvernements. Sur le papier, le continent est un mod\u00e8le.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, derri\u00e8re ce tableau flatteur, la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 est inqui\u00e9tante. Les populations de grands herbivores d\u00e9clinent inexorablement. Les \u00e9l\u00e9phants, buffles et autres esp\u00e8ces embl\u00e9matiques disparaissent, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019\u00e9tendue des territoires prot\u00e9g\u00e9s. Le constat est clair : la protection administrative ne garantit pas la survie des animaux. Les parcs et r\u00e9serves restent menac\u00e9s par le braconnage, la d\u00e9forestation ill\u00e9gale et le manque criant de ressources pour la surveillance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l\u2019aube de la Journ\u00e9e internationale de la vie sauvage (3 mars prochain), l\u2019Afrique centrale se trouve \u00e0 un carrefour : continuer \u00e0 compter sur des chiffres flatteurs ou traduire les engagements en actions concr\u00e8tes. Les \u00c9tats doivent renforcer la gouvernance environnementale, impliquer davantage les communaut\u00e9s locales et appliquer des sanctions s\u00e9v\u00e8res contre les infractions. Les programmes de conservation ne peuvent rester de simples d\u00e9clarations sur papier ; ils doivent \u00eatre accompagn\u00e9s d\u2019une gestion efficace et d\u2019un financement durable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le temps presse. Chaque ann\u00e9e, des dizaines de milliers d\u2019animaux disparaissent, et avec eux, des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes entiers. Si les gouvernements ne passent pas \u00e0 l\u2019action, l\u2019Afrique centrale pourrait devenir le mus\u00e9e vide de sa propre biodiversit\u00e9. Le paradoxe est cruel : prot\u00e9ger des territoires ne suffit pas si la faune continue de s\u2019\u00e9teindre. Le continent doit transformer sa richesse \u00e9cologique en un engagement r\u00e9el et tangible. L\u2019heure n\u2019est plus aux ambitions d\u00e9claratives, mais \u00e0 la sauvegarde effective de ses tr\u00e9sors naturels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab Braconnage \u00e0 la commande \u00bb : La CEMAC face \u00e0 la menace des r\u00e9seaux transnationaux<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La sous- r\u00e9gion sous le coup des \u00ab ordres \u00bb des braconniers \u00e0 col blanc.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans les for\u00eats profondes et les savanes de la Communaut\u00e9 \u00c9conomique et Mon\u00e9taire de l\u2019Afrique centrale (CEMAC), un silence inqui\u00e9tant s\u2019installe. Selon le rapport 2025 de la CITES (Convention sur le commerce international des esp\u00e8ces de faune et de flore sauvages menac\u00e9es d\u2019extinction) plus de 70 % des \u00e9l\u00e9phants de for\u00eat ont disparu en vingt ans, souvent abattus par des \u00e9quipes lourdement \u00e9quip\u00e9es, ex\u00e9cutant des ordres venus de continents lointains plut\u00f4t que de besoins locaux. Ces g\u00e9ants au pas feutr\u00e9, gardiens des for\u00eats mill\u00e9naires, tombent sous les balles de r\u00e9seaux organis\u00e9s, transformant la vie sauvage en simple marchandise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au parc national de Zakouma, au Tchad, les recensements de 2024 r\u00e9v\u00e8lent un d\u00e9clin de 42 % des girafes de Nubie, victimes de la pression croissante de bandes arm\u00e9es coordonn\u00e9es. Chaque troupeau disparu laisse un vide que la nature peine \u00e0 combler, chaque cri de girafe qui se tait r\u00e9sonne comme un avertissement silencieux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au Gabon, o\u00f9 l\u2019on estimait encore 60\u202f000 \u00e9l\u00e9phants de for\u00eat il y a dix ans, les suivis GPS indiquent d\u00e9sormais un recul de plus de 30 % en cinq ans. \u00ab Ce ne sont plus de simples trafiquants de village, mais des organisations structur\u00e9es, soutenues par des circuits financiers internationaux \u00bb, explique le Dr Jean\u2011Baptiste Makoko. Derri\u00e8re chaque d\u00e9fense arrach\u00e9e, c\u2019est un \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me entier qui vacille, un fragile \u00e9quilibre qui menace de s\u2019effondrer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au Cameroun, les for\u00eats de Lob\u00e9k\u00e9 et Boumba Ndjida sont r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement visit\u00e9es par des raids sophistiqu\u00e9s. Selon le minist\u00e8re de la Faune, plus de 120 km de pistes clandestines ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s en 2025, facilitant l\u2019exportation d\u2019ivoire vers l\u2019Asie du Sud\u2011Est. \u00ab On assiste \u00e0 une militarisation du braconnage, avec des armes sophistiqu\u00e9es et des complicit\u00e9s transfrontali\u00e8res \u00bb, observe le Dr Ernest Etoundi, \u00e9cologue camerounais. Chaque sentier trahi par la machette ou la roue d\u2019un v\u00e9hicule clandestin devient une art\u00e8re de mort pour la faune.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En R\u00e9publique Centrafricaine et au Congo-Brazzaville, la fragmentation des habitats et la porosit\u00e9 des fronti\u00e8res offrent un refuge temporaire aux r\u00e9seaux. Les parcs comme Dzanga-Sangha ou Nouabal\u00e9-Ndoki subissent des pertes continues d\u2019esp\u00e8ces cl\u00e9s. \u00ab Sans coop\u00e9ration internationale am\u00e9lior\u00e9e, ces r\u00e9seaux finiront par vider nos parcs \u00bb, avertit le Dr L\u00e9onard Matawila, expert centrafricain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Face \u00e0 cette menace, les \u00c9tats de la CEMAC multiplient les initiatives. Des unit\u00e9s anti-braconnage sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es sont renforc\u00e9es, la formation des rangers intensifi\u00e9e, et les partenariats avec INTERPOL et la CITES d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s. Au Tchad, l\u2019introduction de drones de surveillance et de syst\u00e8mes de suivi en temps r\u00e9el a permis d\u2019intercepter plusieurs convois illicites en 2024. Chaque intervention est une lutte contre l\u2019ombre des r\u00e9seaux internationaux qui dictent la mort \u00e0 distance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour les sp\u00e9cialistes, l\u2019enjeu est clair : \u00ab On ne prot\u00e8ge plus seulement des esp\u00e8ces, on combat des r\u00e9seaux criminels globaux \u00bb, affirme la Dr Carmen Ondo, de Guin\u00e9e \u00e9quatoriale. La survie des \u00e9l\u00e9phants, gorilles et autres esp\u00e8ces embl\u00e9matiques de la CEMAC d\u00e9pend d\u00e9sormais d\u2019une strat\u00e9gie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e, m\u00ealant justice transnationale, technologies de suivi et gouvernance r\u00e9gionale renforc\u00e9e. Dans ces for\u00eats o\u00f9 le vent souffle \u00e0 travers les canop\u00e9es, chaque pas de pachyderme ou de girafe est un fragile hymne \u00e0 la vie, que la vigilance humaine doit pr\u00e9server.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bobo Ousmanou<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u2019Afrique centrale, et plus particuli\u00e8rement les pays de la Communaut\u00e9 \u00c9conomique et Mon\u00e9taire de l\u2019Afrique Centrale (CEMAC), rec\u00e8le un potentiel faunique exceptionnel. Entre for\u00eats tropicales et savanes, ces six pays ont mis en place des strat\u00e9gies vari\u00e9es pour prot\u00e9ger leurs esp\u00e8ces embl\u00e9matiques. Le Gabon se distingue par l\u2019ampleur de son programme de conservation. Avec 25 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":49979,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[25,51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-49978","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-integration-regionale","category-zoom"],"yoast_head":"\nCEMAC : chaque \u00c9tat face \u00e0 la pr\u00e9servation de sa faune - Int\u00e9gration<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"CEMAC : Chaque \u00c9tat face \u00e0 la pr\u00e9servation de sa faune\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/journalintegration.com\/index.php\/2026\/02\/25\/cemac-chaque-etat-face-a-la-preservation-de-sa-faune\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" 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