{"id":48424,"date":"2025-12-15T15:11:35","date_gmt":"2025-12-15T15:11:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/journalintegration.com\/?p=48424"},"modified":"2025-12-15T15:11:37","modified_gmt":"2025-12-15T15:11:37","slug":"dr-haliou-darka-la-maturation-dun-projet-cest-la-colonne-vertebrale-de-tout-investissement-serieux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/journalintegration.com\/index.php\/2025\/12\/15\/dr-haliou-darka-la-maturation-dun-projet-cest-la-colonne-vertebrale-de-tout-investissement-serieux\/","title":{"rendered":"Dr Haliou Darka : \u00ab La maturation d\u2019un projet, c\u2019est la colonne vert\u00e9brale de tout investissement s\u00e9rieux \u00bb"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Consultant aupr\u00e8s de plusieurs organismes internationaux, l\u2019expert camerounais en management des projets situe les origines et les cons\u00e9quences des initiatives de d\u00e9veloppement mal pr\u00e9par\u00e9es en Afrique centrale. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Dr Haliou Darka, merci de nous recevoir. On parle de plus en plus de \u00ab maturation des projets \u00bb en Afrique centrale. Pourquoi ce concept est-il devenu central aujourd\u2019hui ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Merci pour votre invitation. Si la maturation des projets prend aujourd\u2019hui une telle importance en Afrique centrale, c\u2019est parce que la r\u00e9gion a trop longtemps souffert d\u2019un d\u00e9calage entre l\u2019ambition des initiatives publiques et leur capacit\u00e9 r\u00e9elle \u00e0 \u00eatre ex\u00e9cut\u00e9es. On a vu de grands projets annonc\u00e9s, parfois avec \u00e9clat, mais rarement pr\u00e9par\u00e9s avec suffisamment de rigueur. La maturation consiste \u00e0 transformer une id\u00e9e en un projet finan\u00e7able, viable, techniquement solide et \u00e9conomiquement pertinent. C\u2019est la colonne vert\u00e9brale de tout investissement s\u00e9rieux. Sans elle, les discours ne deviennent jamais des r\u00e9alisations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quelles sont pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment les \u00e9tapes de cette maturation?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle commence par une \u00e9tude de faisabilit\u00e9 cr\u00e9dible : donn\u00e9es techniques, analyses financi\u00e8res, projections socio-\u00e9conomiques, identification des risques. Ensuite vient le montage institutionnel et juridique du projet, \u00e9l\u00e9ment souvent n\u00e9glig\u00e9 en Afrique centrale. Beaucoup d\u2019initiatives \u00e9chouent parce que les responsabilit\u00e9s ne sont pas claires, ou parce que les mod\u00e8les de gouvernance ne sont pas d\u00e9finis. Puis vient l\u2019ing\u00e9nierie financi\u00e8re : quel type de financement ? Quels partenaires ? Quelle rentabilit\u00e9 sociale ou \u00e9conomique ? Et enfin, un calendrier d\u2019ex\u00e9cution r\u00e9aliste. En somme, c\u2019est un processus complexe, qui demande du temps, des comp\u00e9tences et une discipline institutionnelle forte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quels sont les risques d\u2019une maturation insuffisante, particuli\u00e8rement dans la sous-r\u00e9gion ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ils sont majeurs. Les \u00c9tats d\u2019Afrique centrale mobilisent d\u00e9j\u00e0 des ressources limit\u00e9es, souvent avec des besoins immenses dans les infrastructures, l\u2019\u00e9nergie, la logistique, la sant\u00e9 ou l\u2019\u00e9ducation. Lorsqu\u2019un projet n\u2019est pas m\u00fbri, il court trois risques :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Le surco\u00fbt, souvent consid\u00e9rable dans le cas des infrastructures.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Le retard, parfois de plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. L\u2019abandon, ce qui constitue le pire scenario.
    Les populations finissent par d\u00e9velopper une forme de scepticisme vis-\u00e0-vis des annonces gouvernementales. Politiquement, cela fragilise la confiance. \u00c9conomiquement, l\u2019impact est dramatique : un projet mal con\u00e7u peut absorber des fonds publics ou priv\u00e9s sans jamais produire les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices attendus. C\u2019est ce qui s\u2019est produit dans certains corridors routiers, dans les ports secs ou dans des barrages sous-utilis\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Face \u00e0 ces d\u00e9fis, quel r\u00f4le jouent les institutions de financement du d\u00e9veloppement (IDF) ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Les IDF sont devenues de v\u00e9ritables garde-fous dans la sous-r\u00e9gion. Qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse de la BDEAC, de la BAD ou de la Banque mondiale, toutes insistent sur la m\u00eame r\u00e8gle : pas de maturation, pas de financement. Un directeur de la BDEAC me disait r\u00e9cemment : \u00ab Nous ne finan\u00e7ons pas un projet sur la seule base de son ambition politique. Nous avons besoin de donn\u00e9es solides. La prudence est notre premier outil pour prot\u00e9ger les ressources et garantir un impact r\u00e9el. \u00bb
    Les IDF financent donc des \u00e9tudes de faisabilit\u00e9, accompagnent les \u00c9tats dans les montages juridiques, organisent des missions d\u2019expertise et \u00e9valuent les risques. Certaines encouragent m\u00eame la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019unit\u00e9s sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es de pr\u00e9paration de projets, capables de centraliser toutes les donn\u00e9es n\u00e9cessaires. En Afrique centrale, ce type d\u2019unit\u00e9 manque encore, mais les progr\u00e8s sont encourageants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Peut-on dire que les \u00c9tats de la r\u00e9gion ont pris conscience de la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de maturer leurs projets?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    La prise de conscience existe, incontestablement. La question, c\u2019est maintenant la mise en \u0153uvre. Plusieurs pays de la zone CEMAC ont renforc\u00e9 leurs cellules de pr\u00e9paration de projets, mais le d\u00e9ficit de comp\u00e9tences demeure un d\u00e9fi important. Il ne suffit pas d\u2019avoir une id\u00e9e claire : il faut savoir la traduire en un dossier technique convaincant pour les bailleurs.
    Cette transformation exige des ing\u00e9nieurs, des \u00e9conomistes, des juristes, des sp\u00e9cialistes en passation de march\u00e9s\u2026 Or, ces expertises sont encore trop concentr\u00e9es dans les capitales, parfois m\u00eame \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger, entra\u00eenant des d\u00e9lais et des incoh\u00e9rences dans la pr\u00e9paration des projets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Quels sont les exemples les plus marquants d\u2019\u00e9checs li\u00e9s \u00e0 une maturation insuffisante ?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ils sont nombreux, malheureusement. Pour rester g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, disons que dans plusieurs pays de la sous-r\u00e9gion, des routes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construites sans \u00e9tude de trafic ni plan de maintenance, ce qui a entra\u00een\u00e9 une d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration rapide.
    Dans le secteur \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, certains barrages ou centrales ont \u00e9t\u00e9 dimensionn\u00e9s sur des projections irr\u00e9alistes de la demande. R\u00e9sultat : des infrastructures surdimensionn\u00e9es ou sous-utilis\u00e9es, qui p\u00e8sent lourdement sur la dette publique.
    Dans le secteur social, des \u00e9coles et h\u00f4pitaux ont \u00e9t\u00e9 livr\u00e9s sans qu\u2019un plan de fonctionnement n\u2019ait \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9fini (pas de personnel, pas d\u2019\u00e9quipement, pas de budget d\u2019exploitation). Ce sont des exemples qui montrent bien que la maturation n\u2019est pas un luxe, mais une n\u00e9cessit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Quels m\u00e9canismes pourraient \u00eatre mis en place pour am\u00e9liorer la maturation des projets en Afrique centrale ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Je vois quatre leviers essentiels :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. Renforcer les capacit\u00e9s nationales : former massivement des experts en pr\u00e9paration de projets.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. Cr\u00e9er des unit\u00e9s techniques autonomes, capables de pr\u00e9parer les projets avant qu\u2019ils ne soient port\u00e9s au niveau politique.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. Standardiser les \u00e9tudes pr\u00e9alables pour r\u00e9duire les incoh\u00e9rences.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    4. Am\u00e9liorer la gouvernance en imposant transparence et redevabilit\u00e9 dans chaque \u00e9tape.
      Les IDF peuvent accompagner ces r\u00e9formes, mais l\u2019impulsion doit venir des \u00c9tats. On ne peut pas externaliser ind\u00e9finiment la comp\u00e9tence de pr\u00e9parer ses propres projets. Quelle est la place de la prudence dans ce processus ? La prudence n\u2019est pas une forme de frilosit\u00e9. C\u2019est une strat\u00e9gie de protection des ressources publiques. La BDEAC, par exemple, adopte une approche tr\u00e8s mesur\u00e9e : elle refuse de financer un projet tant que toutes les donn\u00e9es ne sont pas ma\u00eetris\u00e9es. Selon moi, cette prudence prot\u00e8ge autant les investisseurs que les populations. Quand un projet est mal pr\u00e9par\u00e9, ce sont les citoyens qui paient au final, par l\u2019imp\u00f4t ou par l\u2019absence de services publics efficaces. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      Quel serait votre message final pour les d\u00e9cideurs de l\u2019Afrique centrale ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Mon message est simple : maturer un projet, c\u2019est d\u00e9j\u00e0 le construire \u00e0 moiti\u00e9. L\u2019Afrique centrale a un potentiel immense, mais ce potentiel ne se concr\u00e9tisera que si les projets sont pr\u00e9par\u00e9s avec rigueur. Les id\u00e9es sont nombreuses, les ambitions existent, mais sans maturation, elles resteront des slogans. La maturation est une discipline, un \u00e9tat d\u2019esprit, un engagement envers l\u2019efficacit\u00e9. C\u2019est le seul chemin vers un d\u00e9veloppement cr\u00e9dible et durable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Jean -Ren\u00e9 Meva\u2019a Amougou<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Consultant aupr\u00e8s de plusieurs organismes internationaux, l\u2019expert camerounais en management des projets situe les origines et les cons\u00e9quences des initiatives de d\u00e9veloppement mal pr\u00e9par\u00e9es en Afrique centrale. Dr Haliou Darka, merci de nous recevoir. On parle de plus en plus de \u00ab maturation des projets \u00bb en Afrique centrale. Pourquoi ce concept est-il devenu central […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":48426,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[25,51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-48424","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-integration-regionale","category-zoom"],"yoast_head":"\nDr Haliou Darka : \u00ab La maturation d\u2019un projet, c\u2019est la colonne vert\u00e9brale de tout investissement s\u00e9rieux \u00bb - Int\u00e9gration<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/journalintegration.com\/index.php\/2025\/12\/15\/dr-haliou-darka-la-maturation-dun-projet-cest-la-colonne-vertebrale-de-tout-investissement-serieux\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Dr Haliou Darka : \u00ab La maturation d\u2019un projet, c\u2019est la colonne vert\u00e9brale de tout investissement s\u00e9rieux \u00bb - Int\u00e9gration\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Consultant aupr\u00e8s de plusieurs organismes internationaux, l\u2019expert camerounais en management des projets situe les origines et les cons\u00e9quences des initiatives de d\u00e9veloppement mal pr\u00e9par\u00e9es en Afrique centrale. 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Int\u00e9gration","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/journalintegration.com\/index.php\/2025\/12\/15\/dr-haliou-darka-la-maturation-dun-projet-cest-la-colonne-vertebrale-de-tout-investissement-serieux\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Dr Haliou Darka : \u00ab La maturation d\u2019un projet, c\u2019est la colonne vert\u00e9brale de tout investissement s\u00e9rieux \u00bb - Int\u00e9gration","og_description":"Consultant aupr\u00e8s de plusieurs organismes internationaux, l\u2019expert camerounais en management des projets situe les origines et les cons\u00e9quences des initiatives de d\u00e9veloppement mal pr\u00e9par\u00e9es en Afrique centrale. Dr Haliou Darka, merci de nous recevoir. On parle de plus en plus de \u00ab maturation des projets \u00bb en Afrique centrale. Pourquoi ce concept est-il devenu central […]","og_url":"https:\/\/journalintegration.com\/index.php\/2025\/12\/15\/dr-haliou-darka-la-maturation-dun-projet-cest-la-colonne-vertebrale-de-tout-investissement-serieux\/","og_site_name":"Int\u00e9gration","article_published_time":"2025-12-15T15:11:35+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-12-15T15:11:37+00:00","og_image":[{"width":436,"height":442,"url":"https:\/\/journalintegration.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Capture-decran-2025-12-07-170509.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Journal int\u00e9gration","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u00c9crit par":"Journal int\u00e9gration","Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"6 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