{"id":48136,"date":"2025-11-28T13:08:36","date_gmt":"2025-11-28T13:08:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/journalintegration.com\/?p=48136"},"modified":"2025-11-28T13:09:11","modified_gmt":"2025-11-28T13:09:11","slug":"afrique-le-climat-bombe-a-retardement-pour-la-finance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/journalintegration.com\/index.php\/2025\/11\/28\/afrique-le-climat-bombe-a-retardement-pour-la-finance\/","title":{"rendered":"Afrique\u00a0: le climat, bombe \u00e0 retardement pour la finance"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Longtemps ignor\u00e9 par les sph\u00e8res financi\u00e8res, le climat devient un facteur direct de risque syst\u00e9mique en Afrique.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"860\" height=\"484\" src=\"https:\/\/journalintegration.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/siege-de-la-BEAC-a-Yaounde.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-48137\" style=\"width:1021px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/journalintegration.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/siege-de-la-BEAC-a-Yaounde.webp 860w, https:\/\/journalintegration.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/siege-de-la-BEAC-a-Yaounde-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/journalintegration.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/siege-de-la-BEAC-a-Yaounde-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/journalintegration.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/siege-de-la-BEAC-a-Yaounde-746x420.webp 746w, https:\/\/journalintegration.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/siege-de-la-BEAC-a-Yaounde-640x360.webp 640w, https:\/\/journalintegration.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/siege-de-la-BEAC-a-Yaounde-681x383.webp 681w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 860px) 100vw, 860px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">si\u00e8ge de la BEAC \u00e0 Yaound\u00e9<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u00e9cheresses, inondations et temp\u00eates tropicales fragilisent les \u00e9conomies et menacent la stabilit\u00e9 des banques africaines. Des \u00e9v\u00e9nements r\u00e9cents l\u2019illustrent avec force\u00a0: en 2019, le cyclone Idai au Mozambique provoque des pertes \u00e9conomiques estim\u00e9es \u00e0 plus de 2 milliards de dollars et fragilise des milliers d\u2019emprunteurs. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal, la mont\u00e9e des eaux \u00e0 Saint-Louis pousse certaines banques \u00e0 limiter les pr\u00eats immobiliers sur le littoral. Au Cameroun, les baisses de rendement du coton et du ma\u00efs dans le bassin du Logone affectent gravement les remboursements dans les institutions de microfinance rurales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> \u00a0\u00c0 Nairobi, la r\u00e9duction des niveaux hydrologiques dans les barrages hydro\u00e9lectriques fragilise les entreprises fortement d\u00e9pendantes de l\u2019\u00e9nergie, ce qui a entra\u00een\u00e9 une augmentation des d\u00e9fauts de paiement. Dans les banques commerciales, l\u2019exposition au risque climatique devient tangible et mesurable. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les institutions financi\u00e8res surveillent de pr\u00e8s leurs portefeuilles agricoles, immobiliers et d\u2019infrastructure, secteurs parmi les plus vuln\u00e9rables aux al\u00e9as climatiques. \u00ab\u202fNous sommes \u00e0 l\u2019aube d\u2019une \u00e8re o\u00f9 le climat dicte la solidit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re\u202f\u00bb, pr\u00e9vient Jean-Baptiste Tchega. \u00ab Un choc climatique majeur dans un seul pays peut contaminer toute une union mon\u00e9taire \u00bb, souligne l\u2019analyste financier bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Yaound\u00e9. \u00ab\u202fUne s\u00e9cheresse prolong\u00e9e ou une inondation majeure peut provoquer une vague de d\u00e9fauts de paiement, mena\u00e7ant l\u2019ensemble du syst\u00e8me bancaire\u202f\u00bb, avertit Gregory Akum, senior bank analyst et \u00e0 chercheur \u00e0 l\u2019Institut panafricain de finance durable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Action<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Face \u00e0 cette menace, une tendance claire \u00e9merge\u00a0: la r\u00e9glementation financi\u00e8re africaine se r\u00e9invente autour de la dimension climatique. Les banques centrales commencent \u00e0 int\u00e9grer syst\u00e9matiquement le risque environnemental dans leurs directives prudentielles, les ratios de solvabilit\u00e9 et les m\u00e9canismes de surveillance macro\u00e9conomique. Ce virage, encore in\u00e9gal selon les pays, dessine progressivement une nouvelle architecture financi\u00e8re o\u00f9 la stabilit\u00e9 ne se mesure plus seulement en termes de ratios bancaires, mais aussi en vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 face au climat. \u00ab L\u2019Afrique doit apprendre \u00e0 \u00e9valuer la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 climatique de ses portefeuilles comme elle le fait pour le risque de cr\u00e9dit ou de liquidit\u00e9 \u00bb, propose Abdul Rahman Tidjani.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> Le banquier tchadien insiste sur la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019int\u00e9grer le climat dans la surveillance macro-prudentielle, pour \u00e9viter que des pertes locales ne se propagent au syst\u00e8me financier. Certaines banques centrales africaines l\u2019ont compris et ont pris conscience de l\u2019urgence. La BEAC, la BCEAO et la Bank of Mauritius, par exemple, ont mis en place des stress tests climatiques inspir\u00e9s des standards du NGFS, le r\u00e9seau mondial des superviseurs financiers. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La Banque africaine de d\u00e9veloppement insiste sur la coop\u00e9ration entre r\u00e9gulateurs, investisseurs et gouvernements. Ces exercices \u00e9valuent l\u2019impact d\u2019inondations, de s\u00e9cheresses prolong\u00e9es ou de chocs \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques sur la solvabilit\u00e9 des banques. Le constat est clair\u202f: le changement climatique n\u2019est plus une menace lointaine. Il est un catalyseur de r\u00e9forme, imposant aux banques africaines de repenser leur approche du risque. Comme le r\u00e9sume Amina Toure\u202f: \u00ab\u202fLire le climat devient aussi vital que lire un bilan\u202f\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Urgence<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Selon des indications cr\u00e9dibles, la r\u00e9union des banques centrales africaines \u00e0 Yaound\u00e9 confirme l\u2019urgence. Joints par Int\u00e9gration, plusieurs participants soulignent d\u00e9j\u00e0 la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019int\u00e9grer les risques climatiques dans la r\u00e9gulation bancaire et de renforcer les dispositifs de financement pour prot\u00e9ger les \u00e9conomies vuln\u00e9rables. Pour \u00e9tayer leurs positions, les uns et les autres mettent en avant la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 sp\u00e9cifique du continent. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019agriculture, l\u2019\u00e9nergie et les infrastructures essentielles subissent des chocs environnementaux qui compromettent la solvabilit\u00e9 des \u00c9tats et des entreprises. L\u2019enjeu d\u00e9passe la simple gestion des crises\u202f: il s\u2019agit de transformer la finance africaine. Les institutions doivent d\u00e9sormais combiner innovation et prudence dans un environnement o\u00f9 la stabilit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique d\u00e9pend autant du climat que des politiques mon\u00e9taires. La r\u00e9ussite de cette transition pourrait red\u00e9finir le r\u00f4le de l\u2019Afrique sur la sc\u00e8ne financi\u00e8re mondiale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>JRMA<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Longtemps ignor\u00e9 par les sph\u00e8res financi\u00e8res, le climat devient un facteur direct de risque syst\u00e9mique en Afrique. S\u00e9cheresses, inondations et temp\u00eates tropicales fragilisent les \u00e9conomies et menacent la stabilit\u00e9 des banques africaines. Des \u00e9v\u00e9nements r\u00e9cents l\u2019illustrent avec force\u00a0: en 2019, le cyclone Idai au Mozambique provoque des pertes \u00e9conomiques estim\u00e9es \u00e0 plus de 2 milliards [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":48137,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[25,30,51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-48136","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-integration-regionale","category-main-courante","category-zoom"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Afrique\u00a0: le climat, bombe \u00e0 retardement pour la finance - Int\u00e9gration<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Les institutions financi\u00e8res surveillent de pr\u00e8s leurs portefeuilles agricoles, 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