{"id":46929,"date":"2025-10-06T15:02:23","date_gmt":"2025-10-06T15:02:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/journalintegration.com\/?p=46929"},"modified":"2025-10-06T15:02:25","modified_gmt":"2025-10-06T15:02:25","slug":"lagoa-nest-pas-une-aide-elle-porte-sur-le-commerce","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/journalintegration.com\/index.php\/2025\/10\/06\/lagoa-nest-pas-une-aide-elle-porte-sur-le-commerce\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00abL’AGOA n’est pas une aide, elle porte sur le commerce\u00bb"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Lire l\u2019analyse de la Directrice ex\u00e9cutive du Centre du commerce international sur l’expiration de l’AGOA<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Pamela Coke-Hamilton<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9claration de Pamela Coke-Hamilton, Directrice ex\u00e9cutive, Centre du commerce international (ITC)
(Gen\u00e8ve) \u2013 La Loi sur la croissance et les opportunit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques en Afrique (AGOA), pierre angulaire du commerce entre les \u00c9tats-Unis et l’Afrique, expire aujourd’hui.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il est question d’un renouvellement, mais \u00e0 ce jour, nous n’en savons pas plus.
Depuis un quart de si\u00e8cle, l’AGOA permet un acc\u00e8s en franchise de droits au march\u00e9 am\u00e9ricain pour les marchandises provenant de 32 pays africains. Elle favorise ainsi la croissance \u00e9conomique, la cr\u00e9ation d’emplois et le renforcement des liens commerciaux.
Les pays \u00e9ligibles en ont tir\u00e9 parti \u00e0 des degr\u00e9s divers, mais dans l’ensemble, cet accord a \u00e9t\u00e9 mutuellement b\u00e9n\u00e9fique.
L’expiration de l’AGOA serait un coup dur pour les pays africains qui subissent d\u00e9j\u00e0 le poids des nouvelles mesures commerciales, des derniers droits de douane aux exigences en mati\u00e8re de durabilit\u00e9. L’acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s cl\u00e9s devient de plus en plus difficile, et les pays africains, en particulier les moins d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s, en ressentent les effets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prenons l’exemple du Lesotho. Pr\u00e8s de 60 % de ses exportations de v\u00eatements sont destin\u00e9s aux \u00c9tats-Unis, pour une valeur de plus de 230 millions de dollars par an. Dans le cadre de l’AGOA, ces produits entraient sur le march\u00e9 am\u00e9ricain en franchise de droits ; aujourd’hui, ils sont frapp\u00e9s d’un droit de douane de 15 %. Ce taux peut sembler raisonnable en comparaison des 50 % initialement annonc\u00e9s, mais cette mesure a entra\u00een\u00e9 des annulations de commandes, des pertes d’emplois et une baisse de la comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 par rapport aux pays voisins comme le Kenya et l’Eswatini, soumis \u00e0 un taux de 10 %. L’industrie textile du Lesotho emploie 40 000 personnes. Cette situation affecte de vraies personnes, de vraies vies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’Afrique du Sud conna\u00eet une situation similaire. Les producteurs d’agrumes, qui repr\u00e9sentent 140 000 emplois dans le secteur agricole, sont d\u00e9sormais soumis \u00e0 un droit de douane de 30 % \u2013 le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 du continent \u2013 qui s’ajoute aux droits de douane pr\u00e9existants. En ce qui concerne les voitures, selon nos donn\u00e9es, les exportations de v\u00e9hicules particuliers vers les \u00c9tats-Unis ont chut\u00e9 de pr\u00e8s de 40 % en glissement annuel au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre 2025. Nous estimons que les exportations globales du pays vers les \u00c9tats-Unis pourraient chuter de 17 % d’ici 2029. L’Afrique du Sud est le premier partenaire commercial des \u00c9tats-Unis sur le continent, ce qui aurait des r\u00e9percussions sur les fabricants am\u00e9ricains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En ce qui concerne les secteurs, si l’AGOA n’\u00e9tait pas renouvel\u00e9e, le secteur le plus touch\u00e9 serait celui de l’habillement et du textile. Nos donn\u00e9es montrent que les droits de douane \u00e0 eux seuls vont se traduire par une r\u00e9duction des exportations des pays b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires de l’AGOA vers les \u00c9tats-Unis de 11 % d’ici 2029. Avec la fin de l’AGOA, ce chiffre atteindrait 21 %. D’autres secteurs \u00e0 forte intensit\u00e9 de main-d’\u0153uvre, tels que le cuir, la chaussure, les produits alimentaires transform\u00e9s et les boissons, risquent \u00e9galement de perdre du terrain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une perspective future, il ne s’agira pas seulement d’une question de pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences perdues ou d’acc\u00e8s r\u00e9duit au march\u00e9, il s’agira surtout d’un test sur les capacit\u00e9s de r\u00e9action des \u00e9conomies africaines. Les pays africains peuvent saisir cette occasion pour s’engager pleinement dans la diversification au-del\u00e0 des secteurs et des march\u00e9s traditionnels, la transformation des marchandises avant leur exportation et le renforcement du commerce au sein du continent. Il faut pour cela se projeter \u00e0 long terme, et la Zone de libre-\u00e9change continentale africaine est notre meilleur outil pour y parvenir. Elle peut ouvrir les march\u00e9s r\u00e9gionaux, attirer les investissements et r\u00e9duire la d\u00e9pendance vis-\u00e0-vis d’un partenaire commercial unique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Permettez-moi de conclure par cette remarque : l’AGOA n’est pas une aide, elle porte sur le commerce. Elle a profit\u00e9 \u00e0 la fois aux exportateurs africains et aux fabricants bas\u00e9s aux \u00c9tats-Unis. Il est grand temps que l’Afrique accorde la priorit\u00e9 \u00e0 l’Afrique en renfor\u00e7ant les cha\u00eenes de valeur r\u00e9gionales et en veillant \u00e0 ce que m\u00eame les plus petites entreprises aient un r\u00f4le \u00e0 jouer au c\u0153ur de cette transformation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Notes aux \u00e9diteurs
\u00c0 propos du Centre du commerce international<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Lire l\u2019analyse de la Directrice ex\u00e9cutive du Centre du commerce international sur l’expiration de l’AGOA D\u00e9claration de Pamela Coke-Hamilton, Directrice ex\u00e9cutive, Centre du commerce international (ITC)(Gen\u00e8ve) \u2013 La Loi sur la croissance et les opportunit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques en Afrique (AGOA), pierre angulaire du commerce entre les \u00c9tats-Unis et l’Afrique, expire aujourd’hui. Il est question d’un renouvellement, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":46930,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[62,35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-46929","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-libre-propos","category-panorama"],"yoast_head":"\n\u00abL'AGOA n'est pas une aide, elle porte sur le commerce\u00bb - Int\u00e9gration<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/journalintegration.com\/index.php\/2025\/10\/06\/lagoa-nest-pas-une-aide-elle-porte-sur-le-commerce\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u00abL'AGOA n'est pas une aide, elle porte sur le commerce\u00bb - Int\u00e9gration\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Lire l\u2019analyse de la Directrice ex\u00e9cutive du Centre du commerce international sur l’expiration de l’AGOA D\u00e9claration de Pamela Coke-Hamilton, Directrice ex\u00e9cutive, Centre du commerce international (ITC)(Gen\u00e8ve) \u2013 La Loi sur la croissance et les opportunit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques en Afrique (AGOA), pierre angulaire du commerce entre les \u00c9tats-Unis et l’Afrique, expire aujourd’hui. 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