{"id":45360,"date":"2025-07-31T10:22:10","date_gmt":"2025-07-31T10:22:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/journalintegration.com\/?p=45360"},"modified":"2025-07-31T10:22:14","modified_gmt":"2025-07-31T10:22:14","slug":"hebga-mveng-et-eboussi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/journalintegration.com\/index.php\/2025\/07\/31\/hebga-mveng-et-eboussi\/","title":{"rendered":"Hebga, Mveng et Eboussi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Tous les j\u00e9suites et les la\u00efcs qui partagent leur spiritualit\u00e9 se souviennent aujourd\u2019hui du fondateur de la compagnie de J\u00e9sus, Ignace de Loyola (1491-1556).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hebga, Mveng et Eboussi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mes pens\u00e9es ne vont pas uniquement \u00e0 ce Basque espagnol qui fut un ardent promoteur de la r\u00e9forme catholique. J\u2019ai aussi une pens\u00e9e pour 3 j\u00e9suites africains qui influenc\u00e8rent ma foi et ma vision de l\u2019\u00c9glise et de l\u2019Afrique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s\u2019agit d\u2019abord de Pierre Meinrad Hebga, l’homme dont la perruque inspirait \u00ab\u00a0crainte et tremblement\u00a0\u00bb. La\u00efcs et pr\u00eatres africains devraient lire ou relire son ouvrage \u00ab \u00c9mancipation d\u2019\u00c9glises sous tutelle \u00bb publi\u00e9 par Pr\u00e9sence Africaine en 1976. Il est aussi l\u2019un des premiers pr\u00eatres africains \u00e0 avoir men\u00e9 une r\u00e9flexion pointue sur la sorcellerie et le minist\u00e8re de d\u00e9livrance et de gu\u00e9rison. Au milieu des ann\u00e9es cinquante d\u00e9j\u00e0, avec Robert Sastre du B\u00e9nin, G\u00e9rard Bissainthe d\u2019Ha\u00efti, Anselme Sanon de l\u2019ex-Haute Volta et d\u2019autres, il s\u2019\u00e9tait positivement illustr\u00e9 en portant sur la place publique le souci des pr\u00eatres noirs de cette \u00e9poque : poser les jalons d\u2019une lib\u00e9ration sans couper les ponts avec Rome (cf. \u201c Des pr\u00eatres noirs s\u2019interrogent\u201d, Paris, Cerf, 1956).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vient ensuite Engelbert Mveng. Auteur d’une imposante \u00ab\u00a0Histoire du Cameroun\u00a0\u00bb, peintre et th\u00e9ologien, Mveng forgea le concept de \u00ab pauvret\u00e9 anthropologique \u00bb qui, d\u2019apr\u00e8s lui, \u00ab s\u2019enracine dans la trag\u00e9die de la traite n\u00e9gri\u00e8re et la colonisation. Car le propre de ces deux trag\u00e9dies consiste \u00e0 d\u00e9pouiller l\u2019homme de son essence, de son identit\u00e9, de sa culture, de sa dignit\u00e9, de son histoire, de ses droits fondamentaux, de sa cr\u00e9ation, de sa cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9, de tout ce qui fait sa dignit\u00e9, son originalit\u00e9, son irrempla\u00e7able unicit\u00e9 \u00bb Et il ajoute : \u00ab Il n\u2019y a pas de personnalit\u00e9 africaine l\u00e0 o\u00f9 il y a paup\u00e9risation anthropologique \u00bb. Mveng ne lutta pas seulement contre la paup\u00e9risation anthropologique. Il abhorrait la pens\u00e9e unique comme en t\u00e9moignent les lignes ci-apr\u00e8s : \u00ab Une des choses qui me font pleurer, je le dis tout haut, c\u2019est que l\u2019Afrique sacrifie chaque jour les meilleurs de ses enfants sous pr\u00e9texte qu\u2019un tel a dit qu\u2019il n\u2019est pas d\u2019accord avec tel chef d\u2019\u00c9tat. Je ne peux pas comprendre qu\u2019on condamne un homme \u00e0 mort pour ses opinions. \u00bb Je garde grav\u00e9e dans ma m\u00e9moire la question qu\u2019il nous posa en 1989 lors d\u2019une conf\u00e9rence \u00e0 l\u2019Institut Saint Pierre Canisius de Kimwenza-Kinshasa : \u00ab Les j\u00e9suites africains apporteront-ils quelque chose de d\u00e9cisif \u00e0 la Compagnie de J\u00e9sus et au continent africain ou bien se contenteront-ils de vivre de la gloire des Teilhard de Chardin, Jean Dani\u00e9lou, Henri de Lubac, Karl Rahner et autres ? \u00bb Mveng fut assassin\u00e9 en avril 1995 apr\u00e8s avoir organis\u00e9 \u00e0 Yaound\u00e9 un colloque sur \u00ab\u00a0Mo\u00efse l’Africain\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The last but not the least, je voudrais rendre hommage \u00e0 Fabien Eboussi Boulaga, le p\u00e8re de \u00ab La crise du Muntu \u00bb, de \u00ab Christianisme sans f\u00e9tiche. R\u00e9v\u00e9lation et domination \u00bb mais aussi l’auteur de l\u2019article \u00abLa de-mission \u00bb qui parut en 1974 dans la revue Spiritus et qui mit en \u00e9moi nombre de missionnaires occidentaux car Eboussi y d\u00e9non\u00e7ait, \u00e0 juste titre d\u2019ailleurs, cette mission qui ne finit pas, ni ne responsabilise les Africains. La phrase qui choqua le plus les bons p\u00e8res et les bonnes s\u0153urs venus de l\u2019Europe et d\u2019Am\u00e9rique pour \u00ab sauver \u00bb les Africains de l\u2019enfer et de la \u00ab barbarie \u00bb est celle-ci : \u00ab La mission des temps modernes est, structurellement parlant, une colonisation. Elle est donc un syst\u00e8me violent qui ne peut prendre fin que par un processus violent\u2026 Que l\u2019Europe et l\u2019Am\u00e9rique s\u2019\u00e9vang\u00e9lisent elles-m\u00eames en priorit\u00e9, qu’on planifie le d\u00e9part en bon ordre des missionnaires d’Afrique ! \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces trois g\u00e9ants avaient plusieurs choses en commun : ils venaient d\u2019un m\u00eame pays, le Cameroun, dont les leaders nationalistes furent assassin\u00e9s par la France, \u00e9taient des universitaires accomplis et respect\u00e9s (Hebga et Mveng enseign\u00e8rent \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Yaound\u00e9, Eboussi \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Abidjan, puis \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Yaound\u00e9), prirent au s\u00e9rieux le d\u00e9cret 4 de la 32e congr\u00e9gation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des J\u00e9suites sur la lutte pour la justice ainsi que l\u2019appel du P. Pedro Arrupe \u00e0 se solidariser avec les d\u00e9favoris\u00e9s et \u00e0 explorer des horizons nouveaux, avaient \u00e9crit plusieurs articles et ouvrages, s\u2019int\u00e9ressaient aux probl\u00e8mes et d\u00e9fis de l\u2019Afrique (ils \u00e9taient toujours l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les Africains cogitaient pour mieux positionner leur continent), avaient une forte personnalit\u00e9, ce qui ne plaisait pas beaucoup aux j\u00e9suites fran\u00e7ais d\u2019Afrique qui n\u2019ont d\u2019estime que pour les Africains m\u00e9diocres. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

J’appelle Africains m\u00e9diocres, les Africains b\u00e9ni-oui-oui, les Africains superficiels, les Africains obs\u00e9d\u00e9s par des choses futiles (habillement, voyages, titres, postes et f\u00e9licitations du Blanc), incapables de prendre le moindre risque pour l’Afrique et ayant peur de critiquer l’ing\u00e9rence de la France dans nos affaires. Or, disait Nelson Mandela,\u00a0\u00bb le nouveau monde ne sera pas construit par ceux qui restent \u00e0 l’\u00e9cart, les bras crois\u00e9s, mais par ceux qui sont dans l’ar\u00e8ne, les v\u00eatements r\u00e9duits en haillons par la temp\u00eate et le corps mutil\u00e9 par les \u00e9v\u00e8nements. L’honneur appartient \u00e0 ceux qui jamais ne s’\u00e9loignent de la v\u00e9rit\u00e9, m\u00eame dans l’obscurit\u00e9 et la difficult\u00e9, ceux qui essayent toujours et qui ne se laissent pas d\u00e9courager par les insultes, l’humiliation ou m\u00eame la d\u00e9faite\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mveng et Hebga nous ont quitt\u00e9s respectivement en 1995 et en 2008. Eux qui prirent part \u00e0 tous les combats de l\u2019Afrique (N\u00e9gritude, lutte pour la d\u00e9colonisation et la fin de l\u2019apartheid, d\u00e9nonciation de la dictature d\u2019Ahidjo et de Paul Biya, soutien \u00e0 Mongo Beti, etc.), on peut dire qu\u2019ils ont \u00ab combattu le bon combat \u00bb (1 Timoth\u00e9e 4, 7). Eboussi, le vrai Muntu, les a suivis en 2018. Il avait 84 ans. Avec Hebga et Mveng, il est un des rares intellectuels camerounais et africains ayant r\u00e9sist\u00e9 \u00e0 la tentation de rejoindre la mangeoire des dictateurs.
Honneur \u00e0 ces trois dignes fils du continent qui se d\u00e9pens\u00e8rent sans compter \u00ab ad majorem Dei gloriam \u00bb!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jean-Claude DJEREKE<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tous les j\u00e9suites et les la\u00efcs qui partagent leur spiritualit\u00e9 se souviennent aujourd\u2019hui du fondateur de la compagnie de J\u00e9sus, Ignace de Loyola (1491-1556). Mes pens\u00e9es ne vont pas uniquement \u00e0 ce Basque espagnol qui fut un ardent promoteur de la r\u00e9forme catholique. J\u2019ai aussi une pens\u00e9e pour 3 j\u00e9suites africains qui influenc\u00e8rent ma foi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":45361,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[25,30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-45360","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-integration-regionale","category-main-courante"],"yoast_head":"\nHebga, Mveng et Eboussi - Int\u00e9gration<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/journalintegration.com\/index.php\/2025\/07\/31\/hebga-mveng-et-eboussi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hebga, Mveng et Eboussi - Int\u00e9gration\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Tous les j\u00e9suites et les la\u00efcs qui partagent leur spiritualit\u00e9 se souviennent aujourd\u2019hui du fondateur de la compagnie de J\u00e9sus, Ignace de Loyola (1491-1556). 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