{"id":45229,"date":"2025-07-28T10:56:44","date_gmt":"2025-07-28T10:56:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/journalintegration.com\/?p=45229"},"modified":"2025-07-28T10:56:47","modified_gmt":"2025-07-28T10:56:47","slug":"notre-bac-et-ses-paradoxes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/journalintegration.com\/index.php\/2025\/07\/28\/notre-bac-et-ses-paradoxes\/","title":{"rendered":"Notre bac et ses paradoxes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Fin du suspense pour les candidats au Baccalaur\u00e9at de l\u2019enseignement secondaire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral (BESG)\u2026 du moins pour ceux qui n\u2019iront pas solliciter un r\u00e9examen de leurs notes \u00e0 l\u2019Office du baccalaur\u00e9at du Cameroun (OBC). Selon cette institution, le cru 2025 affiche un taux de r\u00e9ussite de 47,4 %, soit une am\u00e9lioration de 10% par rapport \u00e0 la session 2024 (37,2 %). Et la R\u00e9publique se f\u00e9licite de compter chaque ann\u00e9e toujours plus de nouveaux bacheliers. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En 1970, un peu moins de 20 % des Camerounais \u00e9taient titulaires du baccalaur\u00e9at. Un demi-si\u00e8cle plus tard, le Cameroun a radicalement chang\u00e9 : pr\u00e8s de 80 % des jeunes d\u00e9crochent aujourd\u2019hui ce dipl\u00f4me. Une hausse moins due \u00e0 un progr\u00e8s r\u00e9el du niveau qu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9volution des modalit\u00e9s de correction et \u00e0 l\u2019all\u00e8gement des exigences. Peut-on s\u00e9rieusement postuler que les \u00e9l\u00e8ves actuels se sont courageusement hiss\u00e9s \u00e0 un niveau que leurs pr\u00e9d\u00e9cesseurs n\u2019atteignaient pas ? Peut-on croire que les professeurs ont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 des tr\u00e9sors de p\u00e9dagogie pour r\u00e9ussir un tel exploit ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Et c\u2019est l\u00e0 tout le paradoxe : jamais une g\u00e9n\u00e9ration n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 aussi dipl\u00f4m\u00e9e du baccalaur\u00e9at, et pourtant, jamais le constat d\u2019une baisse g\u00e9n\u00e9rale du niveau scolaire n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 aussi largement partag\u00e9. Le baccalaur\u00e9at, jadis s\u00e9same prestigieux, est devenu un rite de passage quasi automatique, au point que la s\u00e9lectivit\u00e9 en a \u00e9t\u00e9 dramatiquement affaiblie par \u00ab l\u2019eau \u00bb qui, dit-on, coule \u00e0 flot. Comment en sommes-nous arriv\u00e9s l\u00e0 ? Sans doute par aveuglement id\u00e9ologique. Une id\u00e9e re\u00e7ue, devenue quasi dogme, voulait que l\u2019on puisse \u00e9lever le niveau global des \u00e9l\u00e8ves fran\u00e7ais en envoyant toujours plus de jeunes vers le sup\u00e9rieur, sans distinction, sans s\u00e9lection, sans orientation adapt\u00e9e. Rien n\u2019\u00e9tait plus faux. En abaissant sans cesse les exigences du dipl\u00f4me, on a simplement d\u00e9plac\u00e9 la fronti\u00e8re de la s\u00e9lection sociale. Comme l\u2019ont analys\u00e9 quelques enseignants, l\u2019\u00e9cole contribue, sous couvert de d\u00e9mocratisation, \u00e0 la reproduction des in\u00e9galit\u00e9s sociales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant ce temps, l\u2019universit\u00e9, devenue un vaste entonnoir, peine \u00e0 jouer son r\u00f4le d\u2019ascenseur social. Au lieu de garantir l\u2019\u00e9mancipation des classes populaires, elle s\u2019est vid\u00e9e de son autorit\u00e9 et de son prestige. Elle est devenue, pour beaucoup, un purgatoire o\u00f9 s\u2019accumulent d\u00e9sillusions et \u00e9checs, faute d\u2019un accompagnement adapt\u00e9 et d\u2019un niveau d\u2019exigence homog\u00e8ne. Le Cameroun a donc r\u00e9ussi ce tour de force paradoxal : massifier l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux \u00e9tudes sup\u00e9rieures tout en pr\u00e9servant, voire renfor\u00e7ant, les logiques de reproduction sociale. R\u00e9sultat : baisse du niveau g\u00e9n\u00e9ral et blocage de l\u2019ascenseur social. Force est de constater que ce mod\u00e8le n\u2019a pas fonctionn\u00e9. Il faut avoir le courage de rompre avec cette illusion de la massification. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une vraie politique de m\u00e9ritocratie consisterait d\u2019abord \u00e0 restaurer le baccalaur\u00e9at dans sa valeur s\u00e9lective, en assumant qu\u2019il doit sanctionner un niveau r\u00e9el de connaissances et de comp\u00e9tences. Ensuite, il faudrait cesser d\u2019envoyer indistinctement tous les bacheliers vers l\u2019universit\u00e9. L\u2019orientation doit devenir plus pr\u00e9coce, plus fine, plus r\u00e9aliste. Il ne s\u2019agit pas de dresser des murs infranchissables, mais de redonner du sens aux dipl\u00f4mes, de l\u2019exigence \u00e0 l\u2019enseignement, et de la sinc\u00e9rit\u00e9 aux statistiques. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019excellence doit redevenir un horizon accessible \u00e0 tous, \u00e0 condition d\u2019y mettre le travail, l\u2019effort et le m\u00e9rite, au lieu d\u2019\u00eatre celle qui n\u2019ouvre plus aucune porte et qui laisse tant de jeunes naufrag\u00e9s sur les rives de l\u2019universit\u00e9. Il est temps d\u2019admettre que la v\u00e9ritable \u00e9galit\u00e9 n\u2019est pas celle des dipl\u00f4mes distribu\u00e9s \u00e0 tous, mais celle des chances offertes \u00e0 chacun d\u2019atteindre l\u2019excellence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bobo Ousmanou<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Fin du suspense pour les candidats au Baccalaur\u00e9at de l\u2019enseignement secondaire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral (BESG)\u2026 du moins pour ceux qui n\u2019iront pas solliciter un r\u00e9examen de leurs notes \u00e0 l\u2019Office du baccalaur\u00e9at du Cameroun (OBC). Selon cette institution, le cru 2025 affiche un taux de r\u00e9ussite de 47,4 %, soit une am\u00e9lioration de 10% par rapport \u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":45230,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[52,53,24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-45229","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualite","category-ambassades","category-integration-nationale"],"yoast_head":"\nNotre bac et ses paradoxes - Int\u00e9gration<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/journalintegration.com\/index.php\/2025\/07\/28\/notre-bac-et-ses-paradoxes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Notre bac et ses paradoxes - Int\u00e9gration\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Fin du suspense pour les candidats au Baccalaur\u00e9at de l\u2019enseignement secondaire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral (BESG)\u2026 du moins pour ceux qui n\u2019iront pas solliciter un r\u00e9examen de leurs notes \u00e0 l\u2019Office du baccalaur\u00e9at du Cameroun (OBC). 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