{"id":43756,"date":"2025-05-12T10:36:27","date_gmt":"2025-05-12T10:36:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/journalintegration.com\/?p=43756"},"modified":"2025-05-12T10:36:29","modified_gmt":"2025-05-12T10:36:29","slug":"cemac-quand-la-vague-venue-de-lhinterland-genere-la-tempete-en-haute-mer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/journalintegration.com\/index.php\/2025\/05\/12\/cemac-quand-la-vague-venue-de-lhinterland-genere-la-tempete-en-haute-mer\/","title":{"rendered":"Cemac : quand la vague venue de l\u2019hinterland g\u00e9n\u00e8re la temp\u00eate en haute mer"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Brandies par la R\u00e9publique Centrafricaine et le Tchad, les menaces d\u2019abandon de la plateforme portuaire de Douala suscitent un branle-bas au Cameroun.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du PAD (\u00e0 droite) en op\u00e9ration de reconqu\u00eate du Tchad. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00abLe trafic maritime au port de Douala est en chute libre. En deux ans, il a pratiquement \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit de moiti\u00e9. Selon les chiffres officiels, le trafic maritime de cette place portuaire est pass\u00e9 de 15 millions de tonnes en 2015 \u00e0 8 millions au cours de cette ann\u00e9e 2017. Sur le Tchad et la R\u00e9publique Centrafricaine, Douala enregistre une baisse de 1,5 million de tonnes sur la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode. \u00ab Tous vont d\u00e9sormais au Soudan et au Benin \u00bb, informe une source proche du dossier. En cause, les tracasseries et la corruption sur le corridor Douala-Ndjamena et sur le tron\u00e7on Douala-Bangui, soutient la m\u00eame source \u00bb. Dans son \u00e9dition N\u00b0305 du 18 d\u00e9cembre 2017, Int\u00e9gration pr\u00e9sentait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des indicateurs.\u00a0 La pertinence de ceux-ci alertait justement sur les effets significatifs d\u2019une dynamique mettant en p\u00e9ril les recettes engrang\u00e9es par le Cameroun, gr\u00e2ce aux frets tchadien et centrafricain.\u00a0
\u00a0
Ce n\u2019est pas tout\u2026
<\/strong>En allant du plus ancien au plus r\u00e9cent, l\u2019on tombe sur la d\u00e9cision du Tchad de rediriger ses flux commerciaux vers le port de Bata, en Guin\u00e9e Equatoriale, au d\u00e9triment des places portuaires de Douala et Kribi. Calculettes en main, les autorit\u00e9s camerounaises redoutaient alors des pertes \u00e9normes. Et pendant que Yaound\u00e9 \u00e9tait plong\u00e9 dans ses grimoires, il apprenait encore que la RCA (R\u00e9publique Centrafricaine) n\u00e9gociait l’ouverture d’une liaison commerciale avec le port de Bata en Guin\u00e9e Equatoriale. \u00ab Les d\u00e9cisions tchadienne et centrafricaine soulignent l\u2019\u00e9mergence de Bata comme alternative cr\u00e9dible aux ports camerounais. Bien que sa capacit\u00e9 soit inf\u00e9rieure (7 millions de tonnes annuelles contre 12 et 20 millions pour Douala et Kribi), Bata b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d\u2019une meilleure fluidit\u00e9 dans les proc\u00e9dures douani\u00e8res, r\u00e9duisant les d\u00e9lais, d\u2019une politique tarifaire comp\u00e9titive, rendant les co\u00fbts plus pr\u00e9visibles pour les importateurs et exportateurs pour contenir l’inflation \u00bb, commentait alors Fran\u00e7ois Ngomba. Pour le senior business manager camerounais, Douala et Kribi, les principales places portuaires de son pays \u00ab ont r\u00e9alis\u00e9 la vitalit\u00e9 et des ambitions du nain \u00e9quato-guin\u00e9en avant de prendre des dispositions \u00e0 partir de 2019 pour le cas de Douala \u00bb.\u00a0
\u00ab La Guin\u00e9e \u00e9quatoriale va d\u00e9sormais b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier des flux commerciaux en provenance du Tchad, avec les produits tchadiens passant par ses ports avant d\u2019\u00eatre achemin\u00e9s par voie terrestre. Le rapprochement entre N\u2019Djamena et Malabo remet en question la position dominante du Cameroun en Afrique centrale. En effet, le pays, qui a longtemps domin\u00e9 le transit commercial dans la sous-r\u00e9gion, pourrait voir une partie de ses \u00e9changes d\u00e9vi\u00e9s vers les ports \u00e9quato-guin\u00e9ens. Ainsi, les ports de Kribi et Douala, jusque-l\u00e0 incontournables, se retrouveraient en concurrence directe avec ceux de la Guin\u00e9e \u00e9quatoriale. D\u2019apr\u00e8s les statistiques de la douane camerounaise, le Tchad et la R\u00e9publique Centrafricaine, deux pays enclav\u00e9s, font transiter chaque ann\u00e9e des marchandises repr\u00e9sentant respectivement 340 milliards FCFA et 55 milliards FCFA via les ports camerounais. Si ce trafic venait \u00e0 se d\u00e9tourner vers la Guin\u00e9e \u00e9quatoriale, les pertes pour le Cameroun seraient consid\u00e9rables\u00bb, analyse Daniella Ekosso, experte camerounaise en commerce international.\u00a0
\u00ab En clair, c\u2019est la double pression venue de Ndjamena et de Bangui qui a remis en question le monopole logistique du Cameroun en Afrique centrale. Elle a carr\u00e9ment redessin\u00e9 les \u00e9quilibres \u00e9conomiques dans la sous-r\u00e9gion \u00bb, explique l\u2019internationaliste\u00a0Eddy Lionel Mbongo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Louise Nsana<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En vue de fluidifier le transit de marchandises en provenance ou \u00e0 destination du Tchad, le Port autonome de Douala (PAD) et le Conseil des Chargeurs du Tchad (COC-TCHAD) ont scell\u00e9 un protocole d\u2019accord le 28 avril 2025. Alors qu\u2019on annon\u00e7ait le d\u00e9part des chargeurs du Tchad du port de Douala-Bonab\u00e9ri, pour des pays concurrents voisins, le protocole d\u2019accord r\u00e9sonne \u00e0 la fois comme une victoire diplomatique et g\u00e9o\u00e9conomique pour le Cameroun.\u00a0
En fl\u00e2nant autour de cette actualit\u00e9, il appara\u00eet vite que l\u2019affaire donne \u00e0 voir des interactions dynamiques entre les Etats de la Cemac dot\u00e9s d\u2019infrastructures portuaires ouvertes \u00e0 la mer d\u2019une part, et ceux de l\u2019hinterland d\u2019autre part. \u00c0 la lumi\u00e8re de l\u2019ambiance actuelle, on peut objectivement penser que les pays de la Cemac sans littoral sont ceux qui modulent les enjeux strat\u00e9giques pour le contr\u00f4le des flux maritimes dans la sous-r\u00e9gion. C\u2019est une formule un peu forte.\u00a0 Mais, de l\u2019avis des experts, elle a la vertu d\u2019\u00eatre vraie. Voil\u00e0 pourquoi le pr\u00e9sent zoom s\u2019attache \u00e0 pr\u00e9senter les faits et \u00e0 les expliquer.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Transit portuaire<\/strong> : le Cameroun sous pression du Tchad<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des concessions se multiplient afin de lever divers obstacles \u00e0 la libre-circulation des biens \u00e0 destination ou en provenance du pays de Mahamat Idriss Deby.<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique du Tchad a fait trembler Yaound\u00e9 le 21 janvier 2025 en signant l\u2019accord de transit portuaire avec la Guin\u00e9e \u00e9quatoriale, d\u2019une dur\u00e9e de cinq ans. Mahamat Idriss Deby ouvrant ainsi la voie \u00e0 une reconfiguration du monopole logistique dans la sous-r\u00e9gion Afrique centrale avec en sus des centaines de milliards de FCFA de pertes pour le Cameroun. Face \u00e0 la pression, Yaound\u00e9 montre patte blanche. Des mesures sont prises afin d\u2019apporter des r\u00e9ponses satisfaisantes aux r\u00e9probations de Ndjamena. Lesquels tournaient autour des pesanteurs observ\u00e9es \u00e0 la gestion de son fret au Port autonome de Douala ; ainsi que des obstacles \u00e0 la circulation des marchandises le long du corridor Douala-Ndjamena. C\u2019est le sens que prend la signature d\u2019un protocole d\u2019accord entre le Port de Douala et le Conseil des chargeurs du Tchad le 28 avril dernier. Lequel vise la r\u00e9duction des d\u00e9lais de transit, la simplification des proc\u00e9dures portuaires, l\u2019application d\u2019une tarification pr\u00e9f\u00e9rentielle pour les marchandises en provenance ou \u00e0 destination du Tchad et la formation des chargeurs originaires de ce pays d\u2019Afrique centrale. Dans le m\u00eame sens, l\u2019activation du projet de r\u00e9habilitation de la route Ngaound\u00e9r\u00e9-Maroua sur le corridor Douala-Ndjamena, annonc\u00e9 pour avril 2025, devrait servir la cause. \u00ab Ce projet a \u00e9t\u00e9 instruit dans des d\u00e9lais records et m\u00eame par anticipation \u00bb, indiquait Solomane Kon\u00e9, directeur de la Banque africaine de d\u00e9veloppement (BAD) pour l\u2019Afrique centrale.
L\u2019\u00e9volution ainsi observ\u00e9e n\u2019est pas pour arranger la seule situation du Cameroun. Le Tchad en b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie aussi dans la mesure o\u00f9 tout cela a vocation \u00e0 optimiser ses \u00e9changes via les infrastructures portuaires du Cameroun\u00a0; alors que perdurent depuis 2023 la fermeture des fronti\u00e8res entre le Benin et le Niger. Toutes choses qui privent ce pays sans littoral de son deuxi\u00e8me corridor d\u2019approvisionnement, Cotonou-Gaya-Maradi-Diffa.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Brandies par la R\u00e9publique Centrafricaine et le Tchad, les menaces d\u2019abandon de la plateforme portuaire de Douala suscitent un branle-bas au Cameroun. \u00abLe trafic maritime au port de Douala est en chute libre. En deux ans, il a pratiquement \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit de moiti\u00e9. Selon les chiffres officiels, le trafic maritime de cette place portuaire est […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":43757,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[25,51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-43756","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-integration-regionale","category-zoom"],"yoast_head":"\nCemac : quand la vague venue de l\u2019hinterland g\u00e9n\u00e8re la temp\u00eate en haute mer - Int\u00e9gration<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/journalintegration.com\/index.php\/2025\/05\/12\/cemac-quand-la-vague-venue-de-lhinterland-genere-la-tempete-en-haute-mer\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cemac : quand la vague venue de l\u2019hinterland g\u00e9n\u00e8re la temp\u00eate en haute mer - Int\u00e9gration\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Brandies par la R\u00e9publique Centrafricaine et le Tchad, les menaces d\u2019abandon de la plateforme portuaire de Douala suscitent un branle-bas au Cameroun. \u00abLe trafic maritime au port de Douala est en chute libre. En deux ans, il a pratiquement \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit de moiti\u00e9. 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